For a particular invoice, you can add a credit or discount amount by putting in a negative line item (enter whatever description with a quantity of 1 and a unit price of negative dollars for the amount of the credit/discount).
If a client is paying in advance for some service, or has earned a credit because of referrals or some sort of coupon plan, then you would need to use the Key Note field for the client (on the Profile tab of the Contact Information screen) to put in a note about that credit amount, so that when you schedule a future service for them, you will be reminded of that credit, so you can then apply it as a discount to their order as described above.